Top 34 Rare diseases treatment startups

Updated: Jan 11, 2026
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These startups develop new technologies to treat rare diseases, such as gene therapies, precision medicines.
1
Diagonal Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $253M
Diagonal Therapeutics develops agonist antibody-based drugs designed to correct abnormal signaling in severe genetic diseases such as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. The company is also exploring its antibody as a treatment for the underlying cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has demonstrated significant disease-modifying activity in several preclinical models of NHT and PAH and restore normal signaling in patient-derived cells. The company claims its antibodies are highly specific, easy to manufacture and convenient for use in patients, with potential for modification during disease management.
2
Addition Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $100M
Addition Therapeutics (University of California spinoff) develops RNA-only therapeutics using PRINT technology for genetic medicine. PRINT stands for Precise RNA-Mediated Insertion of Transgenes and involves the creation of all-RNA, non-viral lipid nanoparticles. In drugs created using PRINT technology, only the genetic sequence of the messenger RNA is altered, all other components remain unchanged. The company claims this enables the creation of safer, long-lasting, single-dose treatments that overcome the limitations of existing genetic medicine. One of the company's primary goals is the treatment of HIV. With a grant from the Gates Foundation, Addition is developing PRINT therapy to stimulate endogenous antibody production with a single dose for "lifelong protection against HIV."
3
Moderna Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $3.9B
Moderna is a pioneer in developing a new class of drugs based on messenger RNA (mRNA). This new drug platform is based on the discovery that in-vitro engeneered and injected mRNA can direct the body's cellular machinery to produce virtually any protein of interest, from native proteins to antibodies and other entirely new protein constructs with therapeutic activity both inside and outside cells. In other words, mRNA can guide the body to produce its own drugs. Moderna used mRNA to create the first COVID-19 vaccine and is now applying this technology to create vaccines for infectious diseases (influenza, RSV, HSV, etc.), immuno-oncology (melanoma, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc.), rare diseases and autoimmune diseases.
4
Genetix Biotherapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $3.4B
Genetix Biotherapeutics (formerly Bluebird Bio) develops gene therapies for rare genetic diseases using patient's own blood stem cells. The cells are harvested, modified outside the body to add working copies of the affected gene and then reintroduced into the patient, restoring the function of the affected gene. The company specializes in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, beta thalassemia and cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD). Its unique, single-dose treatments are FDA approved and address the underlying cause of the disease and can provide significant, long-term benefits to patients. Acquired by The Carlyle Group
5
Amicus Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $2.4B
Amicus Therapeutics is a biotechnology company at the forefront of advanced therapies to treat a range of devastating rare and orphan diseases.
6
Dyne Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $1.3B
Dyne Therapeutics is a new biotechnology company pioneering targeted therapies for patients with serious muscle diseases
7
Disc Medicine
Country: USA | Funding: $1B
Disc Medicine is a hematology company that hopes can become the first disease-modifying treatment for erythropoietic porphyrias, a family of rare and debilitating genetic disorders caused by dysregulated heme synthesis.
8
Rezolute
Country: USA | Funding: $398M
Rezolute is a clinical-stage biopharma specializing in the development of drug therapies for patients with metabolic and orphan diseases.
9
Shionogi
Country: Japan | Funding: $382.6M
Shionogi supply the best possible medicine to protect the health and wellbeing of the patients they serve.
10
Keros Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $379.5M
Keros Therapeutics develops novel treatments for patients suffering from hematologic and musculoskeletal disorders with high unmet need
11
Passage Bio
Country: USA | Funding: $379.5M
Passage Bio is a fully integrated gene therapy company with a mission to develop a portfolio of five life-transforming AAV-delivered therapeutics for the treatment of rare monogenic central nervous system diseases.
12
Lexeo Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $360M
LEXEO Therapeutics develops gene therapy for the world's most devastating diseases
13
Inventiva
Country: France | Funding: $315.9M
Inventiva is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company with an expertise in fibrosis, oncology and orphan diseases. We are focussing on diseases with a high unmet medical need where either no treatments are available, such as NASH and Systemic Sclerosis, or the current standard of care leaves important manifestations of the diseases unaffected, as it is the case in many lysosomal storage diseases.
14
Entrada Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $301.6M
Entrada Therapeutics is a developer of novel therapeutics intended to treat devastating diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
15
Electra Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $283M
Electra Therapeutics is a clinical stage biotechnology company developing therapies for cancer and other immunological diseases.
16
Rallybio
Country: USA | Funding: $238.6M
Rallybio develops antibodies, small molecules and engineered proteins for rare and orphan diseases (across a wide range of settings including central nervous system disorders, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, nephrology and hematology).
17
Calliditas Therapeutics
Country: Sweden | Funding: $210.4M
Calliditas Therapeutics, a specialty pharmaceutical company that develops pharmaceutical products in fields of unmet medical need. Its products include Nefecon, a treatment for IgA nephropathy and Busulipo, an alternative for myeloablation prior to bone marrow transplantation.
18
Glycomine
Country: USA | Funding: $195M
Glycomine is an early-stage biotech working on replacement therapies for rare diseases.
19
Hemab
Country: Denmark | Funding: $190M
Hemab is focused on the development of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of rare bleeding disorders.
20
Hemab Therapeutics
Country: Denmark | Funding: $190M
Hemab is focused on the development of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of rare bleeding disorders.
21
Azafaros
Country: Netherlands | Funding: €157M
Azafaros B.V. aims at developing new therapeutic agents for the treatment of rare metabolic disorders.
22
Minoryx
Country: Spain | Funding: €154.2M
Minoryx Therapeutics offers pharmacological chaperones, which are small molecule drugs used for the treatment of genetic diseases.
23
Casma Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $154.9M
Casma Therapeutics is a preclinical-stage therapeutics company focused on modulating the autophagy pathway to address unmet medical needs and transform the lives of patients.
24
Healx
Country: UK | Funding: $114.9M
Biotechnology company integrating artificial intelligence with expert pharmacology to discover treatments for rare diseases
25
Congruence Therapeutics
Country: Canada | Funding: $101.6M
Congruence Therapeutics is building a team of 'drug hunters' to go after rare disease targets
26
MyoKardia
Country: USA | Funding: $98M
MyoKardia is pioneering a precision medicine approach to discover, develop and commercialize targeted therapies for the treatment of serious and neglected rare cardiovascular diseases. Our initial focus is on the treatment of heritable cardiomyopathies, a group of rare, genetically-driven forms of heart failure
27
Code Biotherapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $85M
Code Biotherapeutics is a next-generation gene therapy company pioneering the development of targeted non-viral gene therapies.
28
Arnatar Therapeutics
Country: USA | Funding: $64.3M
Arnatar Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company that specializes in the development of novel nucleic acid medications.
29
Priothera
Country: Ireland | Funding: €50.7M
Priothera is dedicated to improving the lives of patients suffering from hematological malignancies by delivering an innovative immune modulator to enhance the curative potential of allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in these patients.
30
Aceragen
Country: USA | Funding: $35M
Aceragen is a biopharmaceutical company with a focus on rare illnesses hopes to be the first to find a treatment for Farber disease.
31
Citizen Health
Country: USA | Funding: $14.5M
Citizen Health is a company that helps patients oversee rare and complex health conditions
32
Bionure Farma
Country: Spain | Funding: €5.1M
Bionure Farma develops innovative therapies for the treatment of orphan ophthalmology diseases and multiple sclerosis.
33
Raremark
Country: UK | Funding: £4.1M
Raremark is an online service which makes scientific and medical knowledge accessible and understandable for patients and carers.
34
Renaissance Pharma
Country: UK
Renaissance Pharma is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company.
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Jason Kwon
Editor: Jason Kwon
Jason Kwon is a senior editor for MedicalStartups. He has previously covered the pharmaceutical and medical research industries for FDAnews and worked as a head of marketing for medical startup Sonic Therapeutics. Before that, he co-founded a startup consulting business for emerging entrepreneurial hubs in Asia. Jason graduated from St. Bonaventure University’s journalism school. In his free time, Jason enjoys yoga, watching movie trailers, traveling to places where he can't get cell service. You can contact Jason at jaskwon(at)medicalstartups(dot)com